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TERM OF THE DAY

Fiscal Year-End Fiscal year-end is the completion of a one-year, or 12-month, accounting period. The reason that a company's fiscal year often differs from the calendar year and may not close on Dec. 31 is due to the nature of a company's needs. If the fiscal year-end is too close to a heavy selling season, the company may have a hard time producing annual financial statements and counting inventories because manpower and resources are dedicated to the sales floor.

Breaking it Down: Every year public companies are required to publish financial statements for review by the Securities and Exchange Commission. These documents give investors... Read More

Desde HBR

Write Emails That Make You Look Professional

Have you ever thought about the brand you’re conveying in the emails you write? You should. Every email you send affects your professional reputation. To give the right impression, make sure your emails do a few things:

• Go only to the essential audience. Remember, every message you send takes up space in the recipients’ inboxes. So use Reply All and Cc sparingly.
• Get to the point. While context is critical, remember that what your reader actually needs to know is a subset of everything you could tell them. Given that the adult attention span is a mere eight seconds, make every moment count.
• Are clear. But don’t take this too far, shooting off one-liners that are terse and cause confusion. Be concise — but not at the risk of leaving out critical information or context.

Adapted from “How to Make Sure Your Emails Give the Right Impression,” by Shani Harmon

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TERM OF THE DAY

Rule Of 70 The rule of 70 is a way to estimate the number of years it takes for a certain variable to double. To estimate the number of years for a variable to double, take the number 70 and divide it by the growth rate of the variable. This rule is commonly used with an annual compound interest rate to quickly determine how long it takes to double your money.

Breaking it Down: Another useful application of the rule of 70 is in the area of estimating how long it would take a country's real GDP to double. Similar to calculating compound... Read More

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TERM OF THE DAY

Standard Deduction The IRS standard deduction is the portion of income that is not subject to tax and that can be used to reduce a taxpayer's tax bill. A standard deduction can only be used if the taxpayer does not choose the itemized deduction method of calculating taxable income. The amount of the standard deduction is based on a taxpayer's filing status, age, and whether he or she is disabled or claimed as a dependent on someone else's tax return.

Breaking it Down: The income tax is the amount of money that the federal or state government takes from your taxable income. It is important to note that taxable income and total... Read More

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Desde HBR

May 30, 2017 Simple Ways to Read (a Lot) More Books Books give us new knowledge and broaden our understanding of the world. But how can you fit reading into your already hectic schedule? Start by publicly committing to reading more. Research shows that telling others you’re going to do something makes you more likely to follow through. So open a Goodreads or Reco account, and update your profile every time you finish a book. Don’t make yourself slog through a book if you aren’t getting something out of it. Think of quitting a book as a way to make room for that gem you’re going to read next. Most important, keep a book with you at all times. Instead of checking Facebook when you’re standing in the grocery line or waiting for the movie to start, read a few pages here and there. They’ll add up. Adapted from “8 Ways to Read (a Lot) More Books This Year,” by Neil Pasricha

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TERM OF THE DAY

Purchasing Power Purchasing power is the value of a currency expressed in terms of the amount of goods or services that one unit of money can buy. Purchasing power is important because, all else being equal, inflation decreases the amount of goods or services you would be able to purchase. In investment terms, purchasing power is the dollar amount of credit available to a customer to buy additional securities against the existing marginable securities in the brokerage account. (For further insights, see: Buying Power)

Breaking it Down: To measure purchasing power in the traditional economic sense, you would compare against a price index such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI). A simple way... Read More

Desde Inform News uk PWC

Accounting and corporate reporting
Standards and interpretations
IASB has issued annual improvements to IFRS - 2015-2017 cycle - PwC In brief
These amendments include minor changes to:

• IFRS 3, 'Business combinations', - a company remeasures its previously held interest in a joint operation when it obtains control of the business.
• IFRS 11,'Joint arrangements', - a company does not remeasure its previously held interest in a joint operation when it obtains joint control of the business.
• IAS 12,' Income taxes' - a company accounts for all income tax consequences of dividend payments in the same way.
• IAS 23,' Borrowing costs' - a company treats as part of general borrowings any borrowing originally made to develop an asset when the asset is ready for its intended use or sale. The amendments are effective from 1 January 2019, with early application permitted, subject to EU endorsement.

For further details see In brief UK2017-17.

PwC guidance
US tax reform - PwC In brief
The US Senate and House of Representatives have approved significant changes to US tax law, now known as the House and Senate conference committee agreement on tax reform legislation (HR 1). The signing into law will impact deferred and current income tax accounting, as well as disclosures, for financial statements at 31 December 2017 for entities with US tax presence. See PwC's In brief: US tax reform for further details.

Please note: This version of In brief INT2017-15 supersedes the original version published on 15 December 2017.

IFRS Manual of Accounting 2018
The IFRS Manual of accounting has been updated for accounting years ending December 2018 including a new chapter on Leasing under IFRS 16 and two new appendices - appendix 1 Business combinations under common control and capital re-organisations, appendix 2 Preparation of combined and carve out financial statements.

Year end reporting resources
Inform offers various ways to find information on year end reporting. Try using the 'Bookshelf' as a quick way to access key content.

• Manual of accounting – IFRS. Hard copies of the Manual of accounting - IFRS supplement 2018 are available to order now (PwC staff, please refer to the internal guidelines). The eBook and electronic version of the IFRS Manual on Inform contain additional updates, including new illustrative text, for chapters not reproduced in the printed supplement.
• Year end accounting reminders – IFRS: quarterly updates summarising the reporting requirements (including topical issues, standards and interpretations that are mandatory for the first time and standards and interpretations issued not yet effective) for a specific quarter end.
• Illustrative IFRS consolidated financial statements for 2017 year ends  – Illustrative set of consolidated financial statements for an existing preparer of IFRS. Includes illustrative disclosures of standards available for early adoption.
• In depth: A guide to new IFRSs for 2017: A high-level outline of the key requirements of new IFRS standards and interpretations effective in 2017.
• IFRS disclosure checklist 2017: Outlines the disclosures required for December 2017 year ends.
• IFRS versioned standards.

IFRS 15 for banks - PwC In depth
This publication explains certain issues specific to entities in the banking industry as they transition to the new standard. This publication only addresses the potential issues arising from the new standard for entities that report under IFRS. Differences in IFRS and US GAAP, together with differences in the scope of other relevant guidance in the US, mean that different accounting outcomes are possible.

IFRS IC decision on interest and penalties related to income taxes - PwC In brief
The IFRS Interpretations Committee (IC) issued an agenda decision in September 2017 on interest and penalties related to income taxes. This updated In brief captures additional guidance to be considered

Tools, practice aids and publicationsPwC's IFRS 15 the basics – Step 3 – determine the transaction price – PwC video
Do you know how to determine the transaction price in a revenue contract with a customer? This short video series will quickly help you get to grips with the key steps in IFRS 15. After our first three videos, the fourth video covers 'step 3', determine the transaction price in the so-called '5 step model' in IFRS 15. Having watched this video you will understand how to determine the transaction price.

PwC IFRS Talks - Episode 16: 2017 IFRS year end reminders
PwC has released the 16th episode of the new podcast series. In this series PwC professionals will help you to keep up to date and share their perspectives on an increasingly complex financial reporting environment. The 16th episode is 20 minutes of the latest IFRS News from leading IFRS Partners. This episode focuses on 2017 year end IFRS reminders: latest standard setting, good disclosure, impairment testing and more. Subscribe to our iTunes channel to receive more podcasts in the series. 20 minutes, twice a month will keep you up to date with IFRS.

IFRS disclosure checklist 2017
The global version of the IFRS disclosure checklist 2017 has been created to outline the disclosures required for December 2017 year ends.

Other news
IASB Update - December 2017
This update includes a summary of the the topics under discussion:

• Primary financial statements
• Disclosure initiative—principles of disclosure
• Goodwill and impairment
• Rate-regulated activities
• Dynamic risk management
• Implementation issues in IFRS Standards Business combinations under common control

Tip for using Inform: Do you know where to find a quick summary of the functionality of Inform?

3 quick reference cards on using Inform functionality:

• How to find and browse content on Inform - quick guide
• How to search Inform - quick guide
• How to use Topic home pages - quick guide

The full user guide and video tutorials for Inform can be found in Help (click from top right of the page). Please share these helpful tools with colleagues and clients that use Inform to help them familiarise themselves with the site.

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Our 2017 Annual Report, 'Leading in changing times: making a difference', is available now. See how our strategy has come to life this year at www.pwcannualreport.co.uk

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Stop Comparing Your Company to Your Favorite Sports Team

Too many leaders use sports analogies to try to motivate their employees. The fact is, sports are a terrible metaphor for business. Why? First, what makes football or basketball so exhilarating is that each game and each season has only one winner. In business virtually every industry has room for plenty of winners. The most successful companies, those that win big and create the most economic value, worry less about crushing the competition than about delighting and amazing their customers. Second, teamwork in most sports happens among players whose careers are short and whose loyalties last for the duration of their contracts. Companies should be focused on the long term — on attracting, growing, and retaining the best people in their fields and on creating an environment where great people do their best work year after year.

Adapted from “Why Sports Are a Terrible Metaphor for Business,” by Bill Taylor

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TERM OF THE DAY

Dividend Signaling Dividend signaling is a theory suggesting that when a company announces an increase in dividend payouts, it is an indication it possesses positive future prospects. The thought behind this theory is directly tied to game theory; managers with good investment potential are more likely to signal. While the concept of dividend signaling has been widely contested, the theory is still a key concept utilized by proponents of inefficient markets.

Breaking it Down: Because the dividend signaling theory has been treated with a skeptical eye by analysts and investors, regular testing of the theory has been performed. On... Read More

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Noticia   21/12/2017 Formatos de Anexos Tributarios para el Dictamen Fiscal Electrónico A los Contribuyentes y Contadores que firman los Estados Financieros que se adjuntan al Dictamen e Informe Fiscal, y a los Auditores Fiscales nombrados, se les informa que: Se encuentran a disposición los Anexos Tributarios que deben ser utilizados para efectos del Dictamen e Informe Fiscal del ejercicio 2017, los que pueden ser consultados y descargados dando clic en el siguiente enlace: Anexos Tributarios para fines del Dictamen e Informe Fiscal electrónico Los formatos de Anexos Tributarios a utilizar serán aquellos que les sean aplicables según la actividad económica desarrollada por el Contribuyente. Para efectos de evitar inconvenientes en el uso de los formatos, deben tomar en cuenta las siguientes recomendaciones: Utilizar office 2010 o versiones posteriores. No efectuar modificaciones a la estructura de los formatos. Llenar las celdas con el formato  ”número”. Asimismo se deben atender las indicaciones para el llenado de los Anexos Tributarios, que se detallan en la pestaña “DATOS GENERALES” de cada Anexo. Se recuerda a los Contadores que se inscribieron con base a Declaración Jurada en el Registro de Contadores que lleva la Dirección General de Impuestos Internos, y hayan obtenido la Certificación de Número de Acreditación de Contador actualizado, emitida por el Ministerio de Educación, que deben presentar a la Administración Tributaria, si aún no lo han hecho, fotocopia de la citada Certificación y la original de la misma para su confrontación; esto para efectos de actualizar el Registro de Contadores que lleva la citada Administración. Así mismo se recuerda, que para proceder a la presentación de los Estados Financieros, Notas, y Anexos Tributarios a través de la plataforma del Dictamen Fiscal, los Contribuyentes y Contadores deben previamente haberse registrado en los Servicios por Internet del Ministerio de Hacienda, mediante la respectiva firma y presentación del formulario de Aceptación de Términos de Registro de Servicios por Internet; así también los referidos Contadores deben formar parte del Equipo de Trabajo que consta en el módulo del Dictamen Fiscal, del ejercicio o período respecto del cual el Contribuyente está obligado a dictaminarse. CONSULTAS En caso de existir dudas sobre los referidos formatos, dirigir su consulta a la siguiente dirección electrónica: dictamen.fiscal@mh.gob.sv , o llamar al Call Center de la Dirección General de Impuestos Internos. Tel. 2244-3444 opción 4

Desde HBR

Do You Seek Conflict, or Avoid It?

When it comes to conflict, there are two types of people: those who avoid it and those who seek it out. Avoiders tend to shy away or even hide from disagreements. They prize harmony and relationships with their coworkers. Seekers are eager to engage in conflict when it arises (or even find ways to create it). They tend to care most about directness and honesty. Neither style is better, and your default depends on a lot of things: your past experiences with conflict, the conventions of the culture you’re from or work in, organizational context, and even gender norms. Knowing which style you gravitate toward will help you make a conscious choice about how to address a disagreement. If you’re an avoider, for example, your instinct may be to ignore the situation. But knowing that it’s your natural tendency can help you overcome your resistance to addressing the issue.

Adapted from HBR Guide to Dealing with Conflict, by Amy Gallo

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TERM OF THE DAY

Progressive Tax A progressive tax is a tax that takes a larger percentage from high-income earners than it does from low-income individuals. The U.S. income tax system is considered progressive. In 2016, individuals who have under $9,275 of taxable income pay 10% in income tax, while taxpayers earning more than the benchmark cutoff of $415,050 fall into tax brackets with rates up to 39.6%.

Breaking it Down: The progressivity of a tax structure depends on how quickly the tax rates rise in relation to increases in income. For example, if one tax code has a low rate... Read More